An authentication protocol using symmetric encryption and time-limited tickets to verify user identity in network environments. Kerberos prevents password transmission over networks, reducing credential theft risks in Active Directory and enterprise systems.

The core component of an operating system that manages hardware resources, memory allocation, and communication between software and hardware. Kernel vulnerabilities provide attackers with system-level control, making kernel security critical.

A cryptographic value controlling encryption, decryption, digital signature creation, or signature verification operations. Key strength and proper management determine the security of encrypted data, with compromised keys exposing all protected information.

Infrastructure for generating, distributing, storing, rotating, and destroying cryptographic keys throughout their lifecycle. Effective key management prevents unauthorized decryption and ensures keys remain secure from compromise or misuse.

Mathematically linked public and private cryptographic keys where data encrypted with one key can only be decrypted with its partner. Public keys distribute freely while private keys remain secret, enabling secure communications without shared secrets.

Malicious software or hardware that secretly records keyboard input to steal passwords, credit card numbers, and sensitive information. Keyloggers bypass encryption by capturing data before it's secured, requiring endpoint protection to detect.