A security model assuming no user, device, or network is inherently trustworthy regardless of location. Zero Trust requires continuous verification of identity, device health, and context before granting access to applications and data.

The comprehensive framework implementing Zero Trust principles across an organization's IT infrastructure. ZTA defines how identity verification, micro-segmentation, least privilege access, and continuous monitoring combine to eliminate implicit trust.

Access control solutions verifying user identity and device posture before granting application access. ZTNA replaces traditional VPNs by providing direct-to-application connections based on identity rather than network location.

Previously unknown software vulnerabilities with no available patches or fixes. Zero-day exploits are particularly dangerous because defenders lack protection until vendors develop and distribute security updates.

Firewall configurations organizing networks into security zones with policies controlling traffic between zones rather than individual IP addresses. Zone-based approaches simplify rule management while enforcing consistent security boundaries.

A text file containing DNS records mapping domain names to IP addresses and defining mail servers, name servers, and other DNS information. Zone files enable domain name resolution across the internet.

Dividing networks into isolated security zones based on trust levels, functions, or data sensitivity such as user networks, servers, operational technology, and guest access. Zoning contains breaches by preventing lateral movement between zones.